Convallaria majalis, commonly known as Lily of the Valley, is a charming ground cover cherished for its sweetly fragrant, bell-shaped white flowers that bloom in mid to late spring. This low-growing perennial reaches 6 to 12 inches tall and spreads by underground rhizomes to form a dense mat of lush, lance-shaped foliage. Ideal for shaded gardens, woodland edges, or beneath trees, it adds elegance and perfume to the spring garden. Though beautiful, it should be planted with care—Convallaria majalis is considered aggressive in some areas and all parts of the plant are toxic if ingested.

Why choose Convallaria majalis

Spring fragrance: Iconic white blooms with a delightful scent

Shade-tolerant: Thrives in partial to full shade settings

Spreading ground cover: Quickly forms a lush, green carpet

Cultivating tips

Sun exposure: Partial shade to full shade

Soil needs: Moist, humus-rich, well-drained soil

Maintenance: Low—spreads easily, may require control in some areas

Designs for your garden

Woodland gardens: Naturalizes well under trees or in shady spots

Borders and pathways: Adds fragrance and charm in early spring

Mass planting: Excellent for erosion control on shaded slopes

Ecological notes

Non-native: Though widely cultivated, Convallaria majalis is not native to North America

Toxicity caution: All parts are poisonous to people and pets—plant with awareness

Pollinator support: Early-season blooms attract some bees and hoverflies

Other native alternatives

Polygonatum biflorum – Solomon’s Seal

Mertensia virginica – Virginia Bluebells

Leucothoe axillaris – Coastal Doghobble